Ratchet driving mechanism.



Q, 14% a 'W5/1% P. H. AYER.

RATGHET DRIVING MEGHANISM. APyLIoATIoN FPLED JUNE-1o, 1912.'-

1,072,807, l Patented sept. 9, 1913.

Ting N u ,WT *w Weses Y Y UNTTED STATES PATENT onirica.

FREDERICK H. AYER, OF CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINOIS.

RATCIFIET DRIVING MECHANISM.

specification of Letter Patent.

Patented Sept. 9, 1913.

Application led J une' 10, 1912. Serial No. 702,732.

To all w7wm z't may concern: A

Be 1t known that 1,' FREDERICK H. AYER, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Chi.

tion by an oscillatory movement of the op! poste end of the shank The invention will he readily -understood from the following description, reference being had'to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an 4axial sectional view of the device, taken ina plane which coincides with the spring actuated reversing st ud; Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view, taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a similar vcross sectional view, taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4. is a lower end view of the device; Fig. 5 is a perspective viewof the head end of t-he device, with parts broken out; Fig. 6 is a detail perspective of the ratchet dog.

Referring tothe drawing, 1 designates as a whole'a tubular shank or shaft, the lower end 2of which is suitably formed to posi' .ranged to extend parallel with the axis of the shank andjieiug made of substantial length. as indicated. ln the preferred const'ruction'shrm-'n that. part of the. shank containing thcse ratchet 'ribs and notches is enlarged, but this is, of course, not essential.

Arranged to` telescope chiefly withinthe upper end of the shank l is what I will term for convenience of description a driving head, designated as a whole 5 and shown separately in Fig. 5. This driving head comprises a solid eylindric port-ion t which tits easily inside the lratcheted part of the shanl,r 1, is of a length slightly greater than the length of the ratchet ribs, and is prov vided at its outer end with an enlarged in;

dog for the purpose of holdin tegral head 7, which is 'axially bored to provide asocket 8, and transversely pierced or apcrtured, as indicated at 9, 9. The construction of the socketed head end of the driving bead and of the lower or tool-engagi-ng` end of the shank 1 is old and common.

, ln one, side of the body G of the driving 'head is formed a 'seini-cylindric groove of relatively large cross sectional size, arranged to extend parallel with the axis vof the tool and of a length approximately coinciding with the length .ofthe ratchetgrooves and ribs. lVithin this groove'is movably seated a rocker ratchet dog 10, which is crescent .shaped in cross section and of such size that when one of its edges is within the edge of the groove in which it is seated its .opposite edge will be projected outside the periphery of the driving head and into enga-gement with one. of the rooves of the interna-l ratchet formed in t 1e shank 1. j The ratchet ing it. or vrocking it one. way or the other in its seat, and inasmuch as .its maximum width about coincides with the width of the groove in which it is seated, it. follows that when it -is in intermediate position of adjustment the driving head may rotate freely in cit-her direction without' its ratchet. dog engaging the shank.

In order to control the position of the ratchet dog 10 so that it may act as a yielding automatically engaging member, and may also be shifted to effect a reversal, the dog 10 is provided at its up er end with an extension 10 which extends inside of or underlies a reversing collar 11 mounted on the outside of the member 1 adjacentto the. head portion thereof. The edges of the eX- tension 10 of the ratchet dog are cut away to produce bearing faces 12 which extend parallel with the axis of the tool and whose faces lie in planes arranged at an obtuse angle with reference to each other. The reversing collar 11 is radially apertured, as indicated at 13, and within this aperture is mounted a reversing stud 14,.the radially inner end of which engages one or the other of the bearing faces 12 of the ratchet the. latter projected as to its opposite e ge. A C- spring 15 is mounted in a suitable internal groove 16 formed within the rcvcrSI-ng collar, oneend 'of the spring being turned at -dog is symmetrical in cross section so that its relations may be exactly reversed by tiltright angles and engaged with u cross Whehfit is desired to reveise the driving. direction of the ratchet iiieclianlsni it is' only necessary to hold thi` shank from rotation and rotate the collar 11 so asto carry the reversing stud M from its position engaging one bearing face 4of the ratchet. dog toa position in w iieli it engages the -opposite face.

The driving head as a \vliole,. while rota? tably mounted in the end of the tubular shank, is held against endwise displacement or withdrawal from the shank conveniently by journaling'upon the inner end et' the driving head a disk 17, and securing the disk against. endwise movement by a set screw )18 threaded, through .the side of the tubular shank and engaging .a circumferential groove 19 the ed e of the disk. Itis.

inmaterial whether t e disk rotate with the driving head and the point of the set? screw traverses the groove in the disk, or-the disk 'oe journaled to rotate on the driving head and the 'set screw4 holds it rigid with the tubular shank, .since either arrangement will secure the desired result of holding the `d|iving head against. withdrawal from the shank while permitting its free rotation.

The operation of the device will be obvious from the foregoin description ,to those'slrilled in the art. It will be lindersbood that the ratchet dog yields and permits the driving head to be rotated backward so to sneak to secure a new hold \vhen the driving head is rotated in the direction to, oscillate the dog and thrust the spring-pressed reversing stud' radially out@ ward, while the positive ratel'ietor'dogging engagement occurs when the driving head is.rotated in the op oste' direction, so that the engagement of t e internal rib with the edge of the do radially. outwar toni of the groove limits the rocking 'movement of the dog and the parts come toa dead lock and move together positively.

Among the important advantages of my tends to rock that edge construction are the following: The parts are extremely'few in number'and of very simple und easily machined form; the engaging edge of the dog and corresponding rd- -bon groove which it engages are relatively long, thus insuring a very large contact area with corresponding strength and durability; the manner in which the dog is seated in its groove distributes the driving force exerted A through the dog over a large part of the area of the groove, thus insuring maximum strengthl and dispensing withthe usual piv In such event, the bot' .'ots .commonly used in connection with ratchet do s; the manner of reversing the direction o action of the tool is in operation of the.' simplest nature, and the manner of assembling 'and disassembling the parts of the tool is one of extreme simplicity, since 'the driving head can he removed from t-lie shank liv simply \\'ithd i'a\\"ing the set screw 18, and if itis desired to take the drive head-4 element's apart it is only necessary to shift the reversing 'stud into a'n intermediate position relatively to the locking dog, then slide the reversing collar oit' from t-he drivingxhead, a notch 20 being provided in the periphery of the disk 17 to permit the point of the reversingstud to pass through.

While I have herein shown and described -a' preferred embodiment of my invention,

yet it will be understood that the details of construct-ion may be somewhat modified without departing from the invention, and accordingly the appended claims are to he construed broadly, except in so far as their 'either edge with the ribs and o'rooves of the internal ratchet, a pair of )caring faces formed upon said pawl, cach bearing definite and similar relation to a corresponding acting edge of the pawl, an oscillatory reversing member movably mounted upon thel exterior of the shank, and a spring-pressed reversing stud mounted in said reversing member and adapted to act upon either of ,said bearing faces.

2. In ratchet driving mechanism the combination of a tubular shank member adapted at one endto positively engage and aetuate a part to be rotated'and provided internally with a series of ratchet ribs and intervening grooves extending lengthwise of the shank, a driving head 'having a part fitted and telescoping within said internal ratchet portion of the shank, a 'groove having partieylindric walls formed in one side of said. driving'h'ead and extending parallel with the axis of the latter, a clogging pawl subst-aniially crescent-shaped in cross. section fitted within the groove of the driving head, the maximum cross sectional diameter Y.of said dogging p awl'being approximately equal to the maximum width of'the groove, an ex- 'tension formed upon one, end of said dogging pawl provided with two symmetrically related bearing surfaces, each bearing defiros nite relation to a corresponding acting edge of the pawl, a reversing collar surrounding that part of the driving head within which saidpawl extension lies, and a spring-pressed reversing stud mounted to move radially Within said reversing collar and impinging at its inner end pawl.

3.l In ratchet driving mechanism, the combination of a shank member provided with' an internal series of ratchet 'ribs and intervening rooves, a driving member within the shan member havin a longitudinally extending groove parti-ci lar in crosssection in one side thereof, a d ogging paWl substantially crescent shaped in cross section fitting within lsaid groove and adapted to engage at either edge with the ribsand grooves aga-'inst the extension'o the of the internal ratchet, and a setting ring encircling said shank, said setting ring having an axial passageway' and said shank having a oircnmferentially extending slot, a setting pin radially movable in said passageway and slot, a spring carried by said shank member and engaging with said pin to exert radial inward pull on said pin, said pin heilig adapted upon shifting of said set-l ting ring toengage with either edge of said ratchet pawl to shift one edge inwardly away from .the ratchet ribs and the other ed e outwardly for operative association Wit said ribs.

. FREDERICK H. AYER. Y' Vitnesses:

' EMILIE ROSE,

ALBERT H. GRAVES. 

